SELECTED READING:

Abouguendia, Z.M. 1990. A practical guide to planning for management and improvement of Saskatchewan rangeland: Range plan development. New Pastures and Grazing Technology Project, Saskatchewan Rural Development. Regina SK.

Adams, B.W., Poulin-Klein, L., Moisey, D., McNeil, R.L. 2005. Rangeland plant communities and range health assessment guidelines for the dry mixedgrass natural subregion of Alberta. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Public Lands Division, Publication No. T/040. Lethbridge, AB.

Adler, P.B., Raff, D.A., Lauenroth, W.K. 2001. The effect of grazing on the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation. Oecologia. 128: 465-479.

Berry, J.S., Onsanger, J.A., Kemp, W.P., McNary, T., Larsen, J., Legg, D., Lockwood, J.A., Foster, R.N. 2000. Assessing rangeland grasshopper populations. Section VI.10 in Cuningham, G.L.; Sampson, M.W. (eds). 2000. Grasshopper integrated pest management user handbook. USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Technical Bulletin No. 1809. Washington D.C.

Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. 1992. Bird census techniques. Academic Press Ltd. London.

Briske, D.D., Fuhlendorf, S.D., Smeins, F.E. 2005. State-and-transition models, thresholds, and rangeland health: A synthesis of ecological concepts and perspectives. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 58: 1-10.

Bork, E.W., Werner, S.J. 1999. Viewpoint: Implications of spatial variability for estimating forage use. Journal of Range Management. 52: 151-156.

Burke, I.C., Lauenroth, W.K., Riggle, R., Brannen, P., Madigan, B., Beard S. 1999. Spatial variability of soil properties in a shortgrass steppe: The relative importance of topography, grazing, microsite and plant species in controlling spatial pattern. Ecosystems. 2: 422-438.

Cingolani, AM., Noy-Meir, I., Diaz, S. 2005. Grazing effects on rangeland diversity: A synthesis of contemporary models. Ecological Applications. 15: 757-773.

Coffin, D.P., Lauenroth, W.K. 1988. The effects of disturbance size and frequency on a shortgrass plant community. Ecology. 69: 1609-1617.

Collins, S.L. 2000. Disturbance frequency and community stability in native tallgrass prairie. American Naturalist. 155: 311-325.

Collins, S.L., Glenn, S.M. 1997a. Intermediate disturbance and its relationship to within- and between-patch dynamics. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 21: 103-110.

Collins, S.L., Glenn, S.M. 1997b. Effects of organismal and distance scaling on analysis of species distribution and abundance. Ecological Applications. 7: 543-551.

Coupland, R.T. 1950. Ecology of mixed prairie in Canada. Ecological Monographs. 20: 273-315.

Cushing, W.J., Foster, R.N., Reuter, K.C., Hirsch, D. 2000. Seasonal occurrence of common western North Dakota Grasshoppers. Section VI.8 in Cuningham, G.L.; Sampson, M.W. (eds). 2000. Grasshopper integrated pest management user handbook. USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Technical Bulletin No. 1809. Washington D.C.

Daubenmire, R. 1959. A canopy-coverage method of vegetational analysis. Northwest Science 33: 43-64.

Davis, S.K. 2004. Area sensitivity in grassland passerines: Effects of patch size, patch shape, and vegetation structure on bird abundance and occurrence in southern Saskatchewan. Auk. 121: 1130-1145.

Dyksterhuis, E.J. 1949. Condition and management of rangeland based on quantitative ecology. Journal of Range Management. 2: 104-115.

Farnsworth, G.L., Pollock, K.H., Nichols, J.D., Simons, T.R., Hines, J.E., Sauer, J.R. 2002. A removal model for estimating detection probabilities from point-count surveys. Auk 119: 414-425.

Finnamore, A.T. (editor). 1996. The SAGE project, a workshop report on terrestrial arthropod sampling protocols for graminoid ecosystems. Prepared for the Ecological Monitoring Coordinating Office of Environment Canada. EMAN Occasional Paper Series Report 74pp.

Finnamore, A.T. 1997. The effects of grazing and exotic grasses on the ecological integrity of upland prairie: arthropod diversity, a progress report. Pp. 27-34 in Jensen, O., Fargey, P. (eds). Heritage Resource Management, Grasslands National Park, 1996 Annual Report Vol. 2. Parks Canada. Val Marie SK.

Fitch, L., Adams, B.W., Hale, G. (eds) 2001. Riparian health assessment for streams and small rivers – field workbook. Cows and Fish Program. Alberta Environment. Lethbridge AB.

Fuhlendorf, S.D., Engle, D.M. 2001. Restoring heterogeneity on rangelands: Ecosystem management based on evolutionary grazing patterns. Bioscience. 51: 625-632.

Fuhlendorf, S.D., Smeins, F.E. 1999. Scaling effects of grazing in a semi-arid grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science. 10: 731-738.

Guo, X., Wilmshurst, J., Zhang, C., Sissons, R., Fargey, P. 2005. Measuring grassland structure for recovery of grassland species at risk. Unpublished report. University of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon SK.

Guo, X., Wilmshurst, J., McCanny, S., Fargey, P., Richard, P. 2004. Measuring spatial and vertical heterogeneity of grasslands using remote sensing techniques. Journal of Environmental Informatics. 3: 24-32.

Gurevitch, J., Collins, S.L. 1994. Experimental manipulation of natural plant communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 9: 94-98.

Harris, AT., Asner, GP. 2003. Grazing gradient detection with airborne imaging spectroscopy on a semi-arid rangeland. Journal Of Arid Environments. 55: 391-404.

Hurlburt, S.H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecological Monographs. 54: 187-211.

Hutto, R.L., Pletschet, S.M., Hendricks, P. 1986. A fixed-radius point count method for non-breeding and breeding season use. Auk 103: 593-602.

Joern, A. 2005. Disturbance by fire frequency and bison grazing modulate grasshopper assemblages in tallgrass prairie. Ecology. 86: 861-873.

Johnson, D.L., Worobec, A. 1988. Spatial and temporal computer analysis of insects and weather: Grasshoppers and rainfall in Alberta. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada. 146: 33-48.

Johnson, J.B., Omland, K.S. 2004. Model selection in ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 19:101-108.

Knopf, F.L. 1996. Prairie legacies - birds. Pp. 135-148 in Samson, F.B., Knopf, F.L. (eds) Prairie conservation: preserving North America's most endangered ecosystem. Island Press. Covelo CA.

Kotliar, N.B., Wiens, J.A. 1990. Multiple scales of patchiness and patch structure: a hierarchical framework for the study of heterogeneity. Oikos. 59: 253-260.

Levin, S.A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology. 73: 1943-1967.

Madden, E.M., Murphy, R.K., Hansen, A.J., Murray, L. 2000. Models for guiding management of prairie bird habitat in northwestern North Dakota. American Midland Naturalist. 144: 377-392.

McCallum, D.A. 2003. A conceptual guide to detection probability for point counts and other count-based survey methods. USDA Forest Service, Report PSW-191.

McInnis, M.L., McIver, J. 2001. Influence of off-stream supplements on streambanks of riparian pastures. Journal of Range Management. 54: 648-652.

Michalsky, S.J., Ellis, R.A. 1994. Vegetation of Grasslands National Park. D.A. Westworth and Associates Ltd. Calgary AB.

Michener, G.R. 1978. Spatial relationships and social organization of adult Richardson's ground squirrels. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 57: 125-139.

Milchunas, D.G., Lauenroth, W.K., Chapman, P.L., Kazempour, M.K. 1989. Effects of grazing, topography, and precipitation on the structure of a semiarid grassland. Vegetation. 80: 11-23.

Milchunas, D.G., Sala, O.E., Lauenroth, W.K. 1988. A generalized model of the effects of grazing my large herbivores on grassland community structure. American Naturalist. 132: 87-106.

Miller, R.E., Ver-Hoef, J.M., Fowler, N.L. 1995. Spatial heterogeneity in eight central Texas grasslands. Journal of Ecology. 83: 919-928.

Niemala, J., Spence, J.R., Spence, D.H. 1992. Habitat associations and seasonal activity of ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in central Alberta. Canadian Entomologist. 124: 521-540.

Noss, R.F. 1983. A regional landscape approach to maintain diversity. Bioscience. 33: 700-706.

Noss, R.F. 1987. From plant communities to landscapes in conservation inventories: A look at the nature conservancy. Biological Conservation. 41: 11-37.

Oksanen, L. 2001. Logic of experiments in ecology: is pseudoreplication a pseudoissue? Oikos 94: 27-38.

Onsanger, J.A., Henry, J.E. 1977. A method for estimating the density of rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in experimental plots. Acrida 6: 231-237.

Parks Canada. 1997. Unimpaired for future generations? Protecting ecological integrity with Canada’s National Parks. Vol. 2. Setting a new direction for Canada’s National Parks. Report of the Panel on the Ecological Integrity of Canada’s National Parks. Ottawa ON.

Parks Canada. 2002. Grasslands National Park of Canada: Management Plan. Parks Canada, Western Canada Service Centre. Winnipeg MB.

Penny, C. 2004. The prairie persists: Restoring ecological components and processes to a grasslands ecosystem. Business Case, Priority Theme Ecological Integrity Funding. Unpublished report. Parks Canada. Val Marie SK.

Qian, P., Schoenau, J.J. 2002. Practical applications of ion exchange resins in agriculture and environmental soil research. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 82: 9-21.

Quinn, M.A., Kepner, R.L., Walgenback, D.D., Foster, R.N., Bohls, R.A., Pooler, P.D., Reuter, K.C., Swain, J.L. 1993. Grasshopper stages of development as indicators of non-target arthropod activity – implications for grasshopper management programs on mixed-grass rangeland. Environmental Entomology. 22: 532-540.

Ralph, C.J., Guepel, G.R., Pyle, P., Martin, T.E., Desante, D.F. 1993. Handbook of field methods for monitoring landbirds. USDA Forest Service, Report PSW-44.

Robel, R.J., Briggs, J.N., Dayton, A.D., Hulbert, L.C. 1970. Relationship between visual obstruction measurements and weight of grassland vegetation. Journal of Range Management. 23: 295-298.

Spence, J.R., Niemela, J.K. 1994. Sampling carabid assemblages with pitfall traps - the madness and the method. Canadian Entomologist. 126: 881-894.

Stohlgren, T.J., Coughenour, M.B., Chong, G.W., Binkley, D., Kalkhan, M.A., Schell, L.D., Buckley, D.J., Berry, J.K. 1997. Landscape analysis of plant diversity. Landscape Ecology. 12: 155-170.

Stohlgren, T.J., Bull, K.A., Otsuki, Y. 1998. Comparison of rangeland vegetation sampling techniques in the central grasslands. Journal of Range Management. 51: 164-172.

Stohlgren, TJ., Schell, LD., Vanden Heuvel, B. 1999. How grazing and soil quality affect native and exotic plant diversity in rocky mountain grasslands. Ecological Applications. 9: 45-64.

Stringham, TK., Krueger, WC., Shaver, PL. 2003. State and transition modeling: An ecological process approach. Journal of Range Management. 56: 106-113.

Thompson, W.H., Hansen, P.L. 2001. Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites of the Saskatchewan prairie ecozone and parts of adjacent subregions. Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation, Regina SK.

Underwood, A.J. 1994. On beyond BACI: sampling designs that might reliably detect environmental disturbances. Ecological Applications. 4: 3-15.

Van Home, B., Schooley, R.L., Knick, S.T., Olson, G.S., Burnham, K.P. 1997. Use of burrow entrances to indicate densities of Townsend’s ground squirrels. Journal of Wildlife Management. 61: 92-101.

Westoby, M., Walker, B., Noy-Meir, I. 1989. Opportunistic management of rangelands not at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management. 42:266-274.

West, N.E. 1993. Biodiversity of rangelands. Journal of Range Management. 46: 2-13.